Talk is action. The language we speak can accomplish acts and everyday tasks.
Action is structurally organized in adjacency pairs.
Talk creates and maintains the intersubjective reality. Talk depends on the context. Understanding of the preceding turn by the current speaker is important.
Discourse Analysis (DA)
Definition
Discourse Analysis (DA) may refer different approaches in investigating written texts and spoken discourse depending on the context. (Denzin & Lincoln, 2008) Basic Steps of a DA
researcher acknowledges their own bias and positions
researcher begins with a research question
a conversation or piece of text is transcribed and then deconstructed to identify specific features of it
Advantages and Disadvantages of DA
Applicable to every situation and every subject
Little to no technology or funds really needed
Spoken language must be recorded and then transcribed
Conversation Analysis (CA)
Definition
Conversation Analysis (CA) is the method for investigating the structure and process of social interaction between humans. (Denzin & Lincoln,2008) Origins of CA
CA was inspired by ethnomethodology, which was coined by Harold Garfinkel.
CA was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s principally by the sociologist Harvey Sacks and his close associates Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson
Today CA is an established method used in sociology, anthropology, linguistics, speech-communication and psychology
Reflexivity and Indexicality
Indexicality: the meaning of language depends on the context. Until we have a context, all language are ambiguous.
Reflexivity: the context of language depends on the meaning. The language we use in talk will create the context and the context will determine the language we use.
Basic Assumptions of CA
Talk is action. Language can accomplish acts.
Talk is structured. Talk follows certain patterns and structures so it can be analyzed.
Talk is forged contextually. Talk must be analyzed in terms of its context and understood in terms of the talk has preceded it.
What can be analyzed in CA
Topics regarding particular actions in conversation, e.g. openings and closings of conversation, complains
Topics regarding the aspects of conversational organization that make any action possible, e.g. turn taking, adjacency pairs, preference organization and repair mechanism
Characteristics of Talk
Discourse Analysis (DA)
DefinitionDiscourse Analysis (DA) may refer different approaches in investigating written texts and spoken discourse depending on the context. (Denzin & Lincoln, 2008)
Basic Steps of a DA
- researcher acknowledges their own bias and positions
- researcher begins with a research question
- a conversation or piece of text is transcribed and then deconstructed to identify specific features of it
Advantages and Disadvantages of DAConversation Analysis (CA)
DefinitionConversation Analysis (CA) is the method for investigating the structure and process of social interaction between humans. (Denzin & Lincoln,2008)
Origins of CA
- CA was inspired by ethnomethodology, which was coined by Harold Garfinkel.
- CA was developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s principally by the sociologist Harvey Sacks and his close associates Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson
- Today CA is an established method used in sociology, anthropology, linguistics, speech-communication and psychology
Reflexivity and Indexicality- Indexicality: the meaning of language depends on the context. Until we have a context, all language are ambiguous.
- Reflexivity: the context of language depends on the meaning. The language we use in talk will create the context and the context will determine the language we use.
Basic Assumptions of CA- Talk is action. Language can accomplish acts.
- Talk is structured. Talk follows certain patterns and structures so it can be analyzed.
- Talk is forged contextually. Talk must be analyzed in terms of its context and understood in terms of the talk has preceded it.
What can be analyzed in CATwin Baby Talk